Background: The implants with increasing dental implant placement of missing teeth haves already paid attention for its success and popularity of this treatment. However, dental implant placement in the anterior maxilla region in terms of anatomic and beauty is limited.  One of the main factor is structure limitations in incisive foramen area.

Objective: This study aim to evaluate the position of the incisive foramen by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and its relation to dental implant placement of incisor teeth.

Methods: This case-series study consisted of 64 women and 36 men. CBCT images for edentulous anterior maxilla were conducted by using limited field of view (FOV) of 4*5. Reformatted sagittal and coronal slices were analyzed for dimensions of the incisive foramen, the incisive canal, and buccal bone wall. There were 9 parameters measured regarding to incisive foramen including the incisive canal length and buccal bone width (millimeters, [mm]).

Results: The mean length of the incisive canal was 7.905±2.201 mm, width of incisive foramen (coronal view) 3.094±0.922 mm and 2.818±0.828 mm (sagittal view). The mean volume and length of incisive canal were greater and significant (p<0.001) in men than women. However, the mean width of incisive foramen, Stensen foramen, and incisive foramen distances to alveolar bone crest were greater and significant (p=0.001) in women than men.

Conclusion: The width of incisive foramen in 58% edentulous patients was more than 2.5 mm. In such cases, authors recommend replacing lateral incisors with dental implants instead of central incisors when possible.

 

Introduction: Hemodynamic stability at laryngoscopic intubation is influenced by mechanical stimuli on the affected area of the oropharynx. The use of appropriate tools can lower mechanical stimuli and lead to a better outcome. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of Bonfils intubation fiberscope provided a better hemodynamic stability, and decreased the incidence of a sore throat compared to Macintosh videolaryngoscope. Materials and Methods: We conducted a non-blind randomized controlled trial. It was conducted at Sanglah Hospital, Indonesia, in September to October 2016 with a sample of 50 people. The sample was divided into two groups. The patients were induced by propofol TCI target effect 4 µg/ml and analgesia with fentanyl 2 mcg/kg. Hemodynamic conditions assessed since the induction, one minute before intubation, and one minute, three minutes, and five minutes after laryngoscopy intubation. A sore throat was evaluated before and after treatment. Results: The MAP value and pulse rate in one minute and three minutes after laryngoscopy intubation in CMAC group were significantly higher compared to Bonfils group (p<0.001). The proportion of a postoperative sore throat is significantly different between the two groups (p=0.042). Conclusion: Bonfils intubation fiberscope proved better in providing hemodynamic stability and decreased the incidence of a sore throat compared to Macintosh videolaryngoscope in patients underwent general anesthesia. 

Background: Approximately 75% men have low-back pain, and most of them come to get treated for acute low-back pain and cure without operation. Conservative treatment procedures, including surgery, have never been evaluated carefully. Objectives: To assess the efficacy of conservative treatment in Lumbar Spinal Stenosis (LSS) and how to choose the patient for conservative treatment. Material and Methods: As many as 30 patients (9 men and 21 women) who were undergoing treatment between January and December 2014 in Orthopaedic and Traumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga Unversity-dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Orthopaedic and Traumatology Hospital (RSOT) Surabaya were recruited for the study. The mean of age of the participants was 51.9 years LSS (diagnostic with plain radiography and MRI) without indicated operation and they were treated conservatively with TENS, WSD, and ultrasonography and NSAIDs for 6–12 weeks. We evaluate VAS and ODI and assigned scores to predict the efficacy of conservative treatment. Results: VAS decreased significantly in patients with mild and moderate VAS prior to conservative treatment 68.1% (p < 0.001). ODI improved significantly in a patient with a mild and moderate disability prior to conservative treatment 87.5% (p < 0,000). On the basis of scores assigned to predict the efficacy of conservative treatment, we fixed sensitivity and specificity at cut point £ 3.50. Conclusions: Conservative treatment can be effective in some LSS patients if the indications are correctly presented.

Background: Approximately 75% men have low-back pain, and most of them come to get treated for acute low-back pain and cure without operation. Conservative treatment procedures, including surgery, have never been evaluated carefully. Objectives: To assess the efficacy of conservative treatment in Lumbar Spinal Stenosis (LSS) and how to choose the patient for conservative treatment. Material and Methods: As many as 30 patients (9 men and 21 women) who were undergoing treatment between January and December 2014 in Orthopaedic and Traumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga Unversity-dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Orthopaedic and Traumatology Hospital (RSOT) Surabaya were recruited for the study. The mean of age of the participants was 51.9 years LSS (diagnostic with plain radiography and MRI) without indicated operation and they were treated conservatively with TENS, WSD, and ultrasonography and NSAIDs for 6–12 weeks. We evaluate VAS and ODI and assigned scores to predict the efficacy of conservative treatment. Results: VAS decreased significantly in patients with mild and moderate VAS prior to conservative treatment 68.1% (p < 0.001). ODI improved significantly in a patient with a mild and moderate disability prior to conservative treatment 87.5% (p < 0,000). On the basis of scores assigned to predict the efficacy of conservative treatment, we fixed sensitivity and specificity at cut point £ 3.50. Conclusions: Conservative treatment can be effective in some LSS patients if the indications are correctly presented.

Background: The degree of proliferation of a tumor is closely related to the biological behavior of these tumors, there is research showing over-expression of Ki-67 in prostate adenocarcinoma that associated with increased histopathology grading which showed an aggressive tumor. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relations between Ki-67 immunohistochemistry (IHC) expression with histopathology grading and PSA values in prostate adenocarcinoma patients at Dr. H. Adam Malik Hospital. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional analytic study. The research was carried out in Division of Urology and Pathology Anatomy of Medicine Faculty of Sumatera Utara University at Dr. H. Adam Malik Hospital. Results: In this study, it was found that over-expression of Ki-67 as many as six patients (40%) in grade group 2 (3 + 4 = 7), while as many as 15 patients (100%) with low-expression of Ki-6. In this study, it was found over-expression of Ki-67 as many as six patients (40%) in the Gleason Score 7 to the degree of moderately differentiated histology, while as many as 15 patients (100%) on the Gleason Score ≤6 well-differentiated histology degrees with low-expression of Ki 67. Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between expression of Ki-67 IHC with histopathology grading adenocarcinoma of the prostate (p> 0.05). There is no significant relationship Expression of Ki-67 IHC with PSA values in prostate adenocarcinoma (p <0.05).

Background: Individuals with high EI are less likely to require cognitive efforts for solving EI problems. Conversely, individuals who lack the ability of emotional regulation are more likely to be influenced by environmental factors. Objective: This article aimed to study the relationship between the Emotional Intelligence (EI) and Tendency to Addiction and compare EI of male and female students. This is an applied, comparative, and correlational study. Method: The statistical population consisted of all male and female students of 2^nd grade of high school in the academic year of 2014-2015. A total of 380 students (180 male and 180 female) were enrolled as the sample using multi-stage random sampling. The data were collected using two questionnaires: Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT) and Addiction Potential Scale (APS). Result: Descriptive statistics were employed. For the hypothesis testing, MANOVA and Pearson correlation were concurrently used. The results showed that a significant difference was found between male and female students in terms of EI and its components (appraisal and expression of emotion, regulation of emotion, and utilization of emotion). Discussion: Female students obtained higher EI scores. Thus, individuals who are not capable of controlling their EI skills are more likely to tend to addiction. Conclusion: EI and its components have a significant relationship with a tendency to addiction.

Abstract. Young livestock more often suffers from gastrointestinal diseases, especially colibacillosis. Growing healthy young livestock and their preservation from diseases and death are one of the main tasks in animal husbandry and veterinary medicine. Diseases and death of young livestock, especially in the first month of their lives, cause significant economic loss as a result of deaths and forced slaughter, low level of productivity and breeding abilities of animals, financial and labor costs for treatment and prevention. Currently, the best way to fight these diseases is active immunization of pregnant cows and sows. At present there is a growing trend towards developing and taking preparations made from natural raw materials, many of which possess diverse biological activity, capable of stimulating the immune system and at the same time harmless for the body. These include preparations made from bee products. There are data on the influence of bee products on the immunogenesis in the cases of severe clinical diseases of various etiologies of infectious and noninfectious origin. Colibacillosis developed in critical periods of calves’ lives causes the development of pronounced immunodeficiency in the organism, accompanied by a decrease in the number of T-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of 17.25% in the thymus – by 3,15x10⁶ cells.

On livestock farms where there are a lot of cases of colibacillosis vaccination of cows with the SP4PV vaccine against colibacillosis after stimulation with apiphytopreparation “Vita-Force M” leads to a balanced immune system. Using a similar stimulation for 7-day-old calves during 5 days leads to the increase in the number of T-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood by 3.98%, in the thymus - by 1,01Ñ…10⁶ cells, that contributes to a balanced immune system.

After immunization of cows with the SP4PV vaccine against colibacillosis, apiphytopreparation "Vita-Force M" displays adjuvant properties activating changes in T- and B-dependent areas of lymphoid organs and cytological composition of mesenteric lymph nodes by increasing the area of the cortex in the thymus, strengthening the productive phase of the immune response, improving immunogenic properties of the vaccine, modulating T- and B-cell cooperation of lymphocytes.

Abstract. Nowadays, increasing harmful effects of environmental factors and their intensifying influence go beyond biological adaptability of ecosystems to the changes in the environment and pose a direct threat to the life and health of animals and humans.

In general, xenobiotics, especially dioxins, enter the environment in small amounts but possessing material and functional cumulation they can cause considerable harm to the body.

Analysis of our study shows that the xenobiotics entering the body of animals even at low concentrations cause functional changes in the body. Thus, the administration of 2,3,7,8-TCDD at a dose of 1/400 LD₅₀ (0.5 µg/kg of body weight) and T-2 toxin at a dose of 200 µg/kg of fodder weight into the body of sheep causes erythropenia, leukopenia, hemoglobinemia, and a decrease in the number of T- and B-lymphocytes. The experiments show that xenobiotics is affecting the liver tissue cause lysis of hepatocytes releasing liver enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase into the blood. The increase in these enzymes in serum reflects not only the liver injuries but also the dysfunction of other organs. In addition, dioxin and T-2 toxin cause an increase in the level of malondialdehyde, which results from lipid peroxidation.

The application of DAS-2 at a dose of 3 ml/h and bentonite at a dose of 2% of dry matter, succinic acid at a dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight, and bentonite at the above-mentioned dose has a positive effect on sheep in combined dioxin and T-2 toxin poisoning and is characterized by the normalization of hematological, biochemical indicators, the content of T- and B-lymphocytes, and a decrease in the malondialdehyde content.

Abstract. Nowadays the fact of positive effects of new environmentally friendly and at the same time highly effective probiotic, antibacterial drugs on the body of young pigs attract particular attention of scientists. One of such drugs is sporobacterin. The aim of this study is to determine the influence of this drug on the physiological, morphological, and biochemical status of young pigs. The research was carried out on a pig farm «Ozerny» in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. The objects of the research were 75 one-day-old large white piglets, each weighing 1.1–1.2 kg. The young pigs were divided into three groups. Every day for 30 days the piglets of the first experimental group were given sporobacterin liquid at a dose of 0.2 ml/h, and a dose of 0.5 ml/h was administered to the second experimental group. The animals of the control group were on a basic diet. The study has shown that the administration of sporobacterin liquid at a dose of 0.2 and 0.5 ml/h induced high physiological activity. Morphological and biochemical blood composition in piglets of the experimental groups had improved by the age of 60 days. The total protein level in the serum of piglets increased by 8.95% and 8.98%; albumin, 6.13% and 7.37%; globulin, 10.79% and 11.43%; and gamma globulin, 27.74%, and 28.05%. The dose of 0.5 ml/h was more effective on average by 0.75%.

Abstract. As a result of intensive farming, the soil is constantly exhausted. The lack of the useful material in the soil leads to its deficiency in plants and then in the feed. Consuming such food, livestock does not get all the necessary nutrients, because of which their level of productivity and production quality decreases. As a result, farms receive less profit, and consumers do not receive adequate nutrition. Constantly growing population's need for food is adding to the problem. One of the ways to eliminate the deficiencies in animals’ organs is the use of food additives. At the present time, many of such preparations are developed and effectively used. As a rule, they contain macro- and micronutrients, sometimes vitamins, amino acids. There are also mono-mineral preparations. We studied food additives Gumifit and Maks Super Gumat and found out that like other humic substances they have a broader chemical composition. A special feature of the additive Gumifit is that its structure can be adapted to the conditions of the intended place of application –– the Republic of Tatarstan, for which the preparation is enriched with iodine, copper, and cobalt, the deficit is observed in the soils of the region. The previous studies have discovered an increase of fertility of agricultural animals, including cows’ milk yield upon the use of these preparations. But to obtain a complete picture of the impact of new additives on animals’ organs we need to study the quality of products derived from them. Further studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of feed additives Gumifit and Maks Super Gumat on technological properties and biological value of cows’ milk.

Abstract. It is known that acute endometritis is accompanied by endogenous intoxication, which has a strong negative impact on the functional condition of vital organs and systems. The ability of drugs used for the treatment of endometritis to prevent the development of the inflammatory process, to reduce the degree of endogenous intoxication, and to promote the rapid normalization of the clinical status of animals is a valuable property when practicing pharmacotherapy of uterus inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacological activity of Uterogin drug as a therapeutic agent when used in the acute phase of the inflammatory process of reproductive system organs, and in particular, in experimental endometritis in rats. It has been established that formalin introduction into the cavity of uterine horns can simulate an acute form of endometritis. The development of experimental endometritis occurs in the background of the overall endogenous intoxication and is accompanied by a change in a number of general clinical indicators, namely suppression, decreased motor activity, disruption of the gastrointestinal tract function, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, decreased hemoglobin level, decreased red blood cell count, and an increase in the number of microxyphil neutrophils. The subcutaneous introduction of Uterogin in acute experimental endometritis in rats significantly reduces the inflammatory response, limits the spread of inflammation, and prevents the development of destructive and necrotic processes. The recovery of motor activity of animals is accelerated, and their clinical status is normalized. Changes in blood are less pronounced in animals to which Uterogin drug was applied twice. The anatomic and echographic studies confirm a pronounced therapeutic effect of the drug in question for acute endometritis in rats. We can draw a conclusion about the possibility of using Uterogin for clinically ill animals on the basis of the data obtained.

The satisfaction of needs of the population in quality food is the most important social problem in modern society. Meat is of great importance in human diet because of its nutritional value due to biologically complete and easily digestible protein content. The world production of poultry meat exceeds the production of meat of other animals by more than 2.7 times over the past two decades. Poultry meat is a dietary product; it is a healthy and delicious source of easily digestible proteins, vitamins, and fatty acids. The development and introduction of new means for prevention of poultry diseases and improvement of the quality of poultry products are a priority in the development strategy. The inclusion of succinic acid, food supplements “Vita” and “Extrafit” in the diet of poultry helps increase the amount of protein in muscle tissue improving the nutritional value of meat. Poultry meat has excellent organoleptic properties which show positive dynamics in their application and comply with the standards for the high-quality poultry which indicate its biological safety.

The preparations for specific prevention and treatment of combined anaerobic enterotoxemia andescherichiosisin calves have not been developed. Taking it into account, the research on the development of combined vaccine, polyvalent hyperimmune therapeutic and preventive serum against these infections in calves was carried out.

When developing biological preparations, inactivated antigens of Clostridium perfringens of Serotypes A, C, D and Escherichia coli that synthesize adhesive antigens К99, A20were used. Harmlessness, antigenic and immunological activity, the therapeutic effectiveness of the developed biological preparations were determined in experiments in laboratory animals. On the farms with a high incidence of these infections, harmlessness and immunological effectiveness of the vaccine administered into down-calving cows and calves aged 15–18 days and therapeutic and preventive properties of hyperimmune serum in the treatment of calves aged 1–20 days were studied. After administering the vaccine into pregnant cows 50–60 days before calving and newborn calves aged 15–18 days for preventive purposes, the incidence of calves on the farms reduces by 4.6 times, their survival increases by 16.6%. The application of the hyperimmune serum obtained by hyperimmunization of stud bulls with inactivated antigens of C. perfringens and E. coli bacteria for therapeutic purposes allow you to cure 93.0% of calves diseased with anaerobic enterotoxemia and escherichiosis that is 13.6% higher than in the case of treatment of diseased calves with gentamicin and streptomycin. In the group of the calves treated with preventive hyperimmune serum, 29.6% of the animals fell ill, and 5.7% of the animals died, whereas in the control group82.7% of intact calves became ill and 17.3% of diseased calves died. Based on the results of laboratory and on-farm experiments on testing the developed biological preparations, normative documents regulating their production and application were developed and approved by the Scientific Council of the FGBI “Federal Centre for Animal Health” and the Rossel khoznadzor with the aim to implement them in veterinary practice. The novelty of the developed therapeutic and preventive preparations is confirmed by the invention patents of the Russian Federation No. 2428202 and No. 2523389.

Background: Quality of working life results in employees' motivation of working and their demand to turn over and self-efficacy. This study aimed at determining the possible relationship between achievement motivation and the quality of working life with the moderating role of job class (therapeutic vs. non-therapeutic) among hospital staff working in some selected hospitals located in Mazandaran State, Iran. Materials and Methods: This is a correlational study with a descriptively applied research conducted in 2016. The study population included all 2,927 hospital employees working in selected hospitals located in Mazandaran state, Iran. Using Cochran's sample size formula, 341 employees were selected as randomly using stratified sampling technique by their working hospital type. The research instrument was the Persian-versions of three standard questionnaires including Herman's Achievement Motivation questionnaire, Walton's Quality of Working Life Questionnaire, and General Self-efficacy Questionnaire. Some descriptive and inferential statistics techniques were used for data analyses by applying AMOS and SPSS 19.

Results: Regarding therapeutic job group, the standard regression coefficient between achievement motivation and self-efficacy was statistically significant (β= .58, t= 3.78, p= .0009). In addition, the standardized coefficient between the quality of working life and self-efficacy was statistically significant in this job class (β = .38, t= 3.77, p= .0009). Considering non-therapeutic job group, the standardized coefficient between achievement motivation and self-efficacy was not statistically significant (β = .22, t= 1.53, p= .125). Conclusion: The moderating effect of the job class was more powerful among non-therapeutic employees. Empowering hospital employees is needed, and some training opportunities need to be provided for them. 

Background: The failure of premature conception product is a specific problem for pregnant women. Blighted Ovum occurred in 37.5% of early pregnancy failure. About 15% of Blighted Ovum is caused by disorders of the immune system. Human Leukocyte Antigen-E  and Natural Killer Cell  are supposed to be the main factors of this pathomechanism.

Objective: To determine the expression of Human Leukocyte Antigen-E and  Natural Killer Cell cells in the Blighted Ovum and normal pregnancy.

Methods: Observational analytic with cross sectional approach. Thirty-two samples were divided into two groups: 16 samples of Blighted Ovum group and 16 samples of normal pregnancy group.  Human Leukocyte Antigen-E and Natural Killer Cell  cells in trophoblast of both groups were examined with immunohistochemical methods and statistical analysis that was done by t-test.

Results: The mean of expression of  Human Leukocyte Antigen-E in the group of Blighted Ovum are 75.15±6:30, normal pregnancy are 83.13±11:26, p-value=0:02 (P <0.05). The mean of expression of NK cells in the group of a normal pregnancy  is 79.72±6.63, while the mean of expression of NK cells in Blighted Ovum is 93.88±14.08, p-value=0.00 (P<0.05).

Conclusion: The expression of HLA-E was lower, and NK cells were higher in Blighted Ovum when compared with normal pregnancy.

 

Background: The therapy for dry eye (DE) remains controversial. Some studies concluded that the ideal therapy for DE is based etiopathogenesis. Dry eye is caused by a decrease in antioxidant level; one of them is superoxide dismutase (SOD). This study assessed the correlation between SOD level and DE degree as therapy based on the etiopathogenesis of DE.

Method: This study was a cross-sectional study in Sanglah eye clinic, in January until June 2016, with a total of 51 samples with DE. The samples were categorized based on DE degree, namely 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively. The SOD serum examination was performed on each group. Correlation between SOD level and DE degree was analyzed with Pearson correlation test.

Results: This study obtained data on sex, age, history of diabetes mellitus, history of smoking, and history of ocular surgery from five groups of DE in homogeneity. There was a negative correlation between SOD level and DE degree (r = -0.373; p = 0.007).

Conclusion: SOD level has a negative correlation with DE degree.

Objective: Coping and quality of life are important health issues in breast cancer survivors. The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of two of the most relevant interventions including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and spiritual-religious intervention in improvement of coping responses and quality of life among women surviving from breast cancer.

Methods: This was a semi-experimental study. Forty-five breast cancer survivors referred to Cancer Research Center at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran were assigned into three groups randomly (CBT group, Spiritual- religious group, and control group). The interventions were applied over eight sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy or spiritual-religious intervention based on their group. The participants were evaluated through the Quality of Life questionnaire published by European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (QLQ-30C-ver3) andBillings and Moss CopingResponses inventory (CRI). The data were analyzed usingcovariance.

Results: Although both interventiongroupsimproved in coping and quality of life, the results were notstatisticallysignificant.

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection is a chronic disease with inflammatory conditions and experience progressive muscle wasting with increasing of tumor necrosis factor alpha. Physical exercise is a non-pharmacological therapy which stimulate the muscle regeneration. Moderate intensity of aerobic exercise is safe for human immunodeficiency virus  patients. Whether tumor necrosis factor alpha plays a role in the process of muscle regeneration in human immunodeficiency virus  infection who have had tumor necrosis factor alpha level higher

Objective: To explain the role of tumor necrosis factor alpha, NF-kappaB, and Calcineurin expression in the regulation of muscle regeneration process.

Methods: Research subjects are population with clinical stage II human immunodeficiency virus infection. Subjects were grouped in to two: I (n = 9) as subjects who got aerobic exercise for 8 weeks and C (n = 9) as subjects who were observe for 8 weeks. Muscle samples were taken from the vastus lateralis muscle biopsies that were performed 24 hours after the last physical exercise. And the immunohistochemical examination was done with anti- tumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody, anti- NF-kappaB. and anti-calcineurin.

Results: The relationship of muscle contraction to Tumor necrosis factor alpha and calcineurin expression, and to the other myogenic factors was significant, but not to NF-kappaB p65 expression. NF-kappaB p65 has another path.

Conclusion: Muscle regeneration process need TNF-alpha, and NF-kB p65 expression as regulators with TNF-alpha_NF-kB p65_myogenic factors as path of exercise and calcineurin expression as regulator with calcineurin_myogenic factors as path of exercise.

Background: Prevalence of hearing loss in chronic kidney disease is between 40–60%. Its pathomechanism has not been fully understood but could be related to temporal bone remodeling. The bone metabolism disorder in chronic kidney disease is also manifested in vitamin D deficiency. Purpose: This study aims to learn the correlation between otic capsule density and serum 25(OH)D with a hearing threshold in chronic kidney disease without hemodialysis. Method: An observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design involving 36 patients with stage 3 and 4 chronic kidney disease Hearing was examined with Interacoustics AA222 audiometer, otic capsule density was measured using Toshiba Aquilion 128 CT while vitamin D was assessed by ELISA using ORGENTEC 25-OH Vitamin D3/D2 Assay kit. Hearing loss was defined as a hearing threshold over 25 dB on the better hearing ear. Results: Hearing loss was found in 17 of 36 subjects (47.2%). On independent sample t-test, ears with HL(n=44) has lower otic capsule density than ears without (n=28) significantly (p< 0.05; ROI1: 1.867  ± 285 vs 2.095  ± 315 HU; ROI2: 1.864 ±  190 vs 2.051  ± 293 HU). Pearson test showed a significant negative correlation between otic capsule density and hearing threshold (p<0.05; ROI1: r=-0.427; ROI2: r=-0.402). Serum 25(OH)D was insignificantly lower in a subject with HL(n=17) than without (p>0.05; 16.45  ± 6.33 vs. 17.99 + 10.57 ng/mL) and no correlation was found to a hearing threshold in chronic kidney disease. Conclusion: Significant correlation was found between otic capsule density and hearing threshold in predialysis chronic kidney disease. There were no correlation between serum 25(OH)D and hearing threshold and therefore unsuitable as a biomarker for the aforementioned condition.

Background: Open tibial shaft fractures are usually complicated injuries that require the collaboration of a surgical team consisting of orthopedic, plastic, and vascular surgeons to control the inflicted harms. There are different fixation methods, such as plating. This study aimed at comparing open tibial shaft fracture treatment with plating within 6 hours and between 6-24 hours after injury.

Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 30 patients with open tibial shaft fracture (Gustilo Type I and Type II), admitted to the Shahid Rahnemoon Hospital in Yazd. The patients were divided into two groups. The first group was treated with plating within 6 hours after injury (Group 1). The second group was treated with plating between 6-24 hours after injury (Group 2). The outcome of patients in both groups in terms of infection, delayed union, non-union, malunion, and reoperation was determined. Finally, the results were statistically analyzed in SPSS18.

esults: The mean age of patients was 23.19±6 years. There was no significant relationship between the two groups in terms of age, sex, postoperative infection, need for reoperation, delayed union, and malunion (P-value>0.05).

Conclusion: According to our findings, plating within 6 hours and plating between 6-24 hours had not any differences in the rate of complications.

Health services marketing is an integrated approach which consists of marketing principles based on scientific strategies mainly focus on health promotion and service recipients’ satisfaction through ensuring the congruence between customers’ needs and service provided features. In this systematic review study, we aimed to explore affecting factors on healthcare marketing in Iran. For this purpose, Pub Med, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Iranian databases such as SID, Iran Medex, Magiran, and Iran Doc were searched using relevant search terms linking healthcare marketing and associated factors for literature published from 2008 to 2016. After reviewing 968 records, 24 studies met inclusion criteria; among which the greatest number focused on appropriate communication between service providers and patients, quality of provided services, lower costs, service availability, credibility and continuity, quality of physical facilities and convenience as significant factors affecting healthcare marketing in Iran. Although a considerable amount of research has been done in this area, each focusing on a particular issue, this review tried to bring various research findings together. Due to the inadequate attention paid to health marketing principles in Iran health sector, many care providers are not able to benefit from related advantages. Therefore, identification of influencing factors and strengthening them can take important steps in this regard.

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a commonly performed procedure in adults but rarely resorted to as a surgical option in the case of children. It is not only technical challenging, but the real staple is how to reach the decision. Until now arthrodesis is the primary option in the treatment plan for severe hip destruction. We are reporting the case of a 13-year-old girl who suffered left hip pain caused by unknown destruction of the joint. On physical examination, the girl presented a limping gait that was caused by severe pain and discrepancy between the lengths of both legs and also adduction contracture. The imaging suspected AVN feature without showing evidences for clear causal factors like Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCP), infection,  juvenile rheumatoid  arthritis (JRA), or slipped capital femoral epiphysiolysis (SCFE). We report a rare case of THA in girl who had had an unclear preoperative diagnostic.