Forecasting organizational silence according to moral behavior styles

Sina Yavarian; Hassan Shams Esfand Abad; Sadegh Taghi Lou

doi:10.15562/bmj.v6i3.610

Forecasting organizational silence according to moral behavior styles

Sina Yavarian ,

Hassan Shams Esfand Abad ,

Sadegh Taghi Lou ,

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v6i3.610 |
Published: 2017-07-22

Abstract

Introduction: Lack of expressing opinions by employees in organizations causes organizational silence. Researchers have identified two contributing factors for the organizational silence: Management fear of negative feedback and staff perceptions of management's complex ideas about them. Method: This article aimed to forecast organizational silence according to moral behavior styles. A total of 300 employees working in Mobile Telecommunication Company of Iran (MCI) were enrolled as the sample using simple random sampling. It was a correlational study. Data were collected using two questionnaires: Organizational Silence Questionnaire and Moral Behavior Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and confirmatory factor analysis used for data analysis. For the hypothesis testing, path analysis, which is a part of SEM, was employed using LISREL. Result: The results showed that organizational silence had a significant relationship with moral behavior. Conclusion: The results help managers prepare the ground to receive feedback from employees with various moral behavior styles.

Keywords: Organizational Silence, Moral Behavior Styles.Â Â

References

Afkhami Ardakani, M. and Khalili Sadr Abad, A. (2012). The relationship between the Personality Traits and Silence of Knowledge Employees, Studies of General Management, 5 (18): 65-83.
Avery, D. R. and Quinones, M. A. (2002). Disentangling the effects of voice: the incremental roles of opportunity, behaviour, and instrumentality in predicting procedural fairness. Journal of Applied Psychology; 87: 81â€“6.
Bozorg Nia, S.F. and Enayati, t. (2014). The Relationship between Organizational Silence and University Employee Performance, Morality in Science and Technology. 9 (3): 1-10.
Colby, A., Kolberg, L., Speicher, B., Hewer, A., Candee, D., Gibbs, J. C. & Power, C. (1987). The measurement of moral judgement (vol. 2). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Dalvi, M.R. and Sefid Dashti, F. (2012). The Effect of Internal Marketing on Organizational Silence: Case Study: Isfahan Tax Organization, Development Management Process, 26 (83): 139-160.
Danaee Fard. H. and PAnahi, B. (2010). Analysis of Occupational Attitudes of Employees working in Public Organizations: The Relationship between Organizational Atmosphere and Organizational Silence, Research on Change Management. 2(3): 1-19.
Danaee Fard, H., Fani, A.A., and Barati, E. (2011). The Role of Organizational Culture in Organizational Silence in Public Sector, Quarterly Journal of Public Management Vision, 8: 61-82.
Gibbs, J. C., Basinger, K. S., & Fuller, R. L. (1992). Moral maturity: Measuring the development of sociomoral reflection. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice: Psychological theory and women's development. Harvard University Press: Cambridge.
Glauser, M. J. (1984). Upward information flow in organizations: Review and conceptual analysis. Human Relations; 37: 613-643.
Grueneich, R. (1982). The development of childrenâ€™s integration rules of making normal judgement; 53.
Hadavi Nejad, M. and Baharlouee, E. (2015). Hypocritical behaviors in interpersonal communication in organizations, Organizational Consequences. 7 (2): 393-412.
Jahangir Zadeh, M. R. (2011). Cognitive Development Views In Moral Development, Moral Knowledge. 2 (4): 101-122.
Kohlberg, L. (1981). Essays in moral development: The philosophy of moral development. Vol. 1. New York: Harper & Row.
Korsgaard, M. A., Meglino, B.M., & Lester, S.W. (1997). Beyond helping: do other-oriented values have broader implications in organizations? Journal of Applied Psychology; 82: 160â€“77.
Kurtines, W. M. & Gewirtz, J. L. (1995). Moral Development: An Introduction. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. 229- 253.
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Likona, T. (1983). Raising good children. Toronto: Bantam Books.
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[1] Afkhami Ardakani, M. and Khalili Sadr Abad, A. (2012). The relationship between the Personality Traits and Silence of Knowledge Employees, Studies of General Management, 5 (18): 65-83.

[2] Avery, D. R. and Quinones, M. A. (2002). Disentangling the effects of voice: the incremental roles of opportunity, behaviour, and instrumentality in predicting procedural fairness. Journal of Applied Psychology; 87: 81â€“6.

[3] Bozorg Nia, S.F. and Enayati, t. (2014). The Relationship between Organizational Silence and University Employee Performance, Morality in Science and Technology. 9 (3): 1-10.

[4] Colby, A., Kolberg, L., Speicher, B., Hewer, A., Candee, D., Gibbs, J. C. & Power, C. (1987). The measurement of moral judgement (vol. 2). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

[5] Dalvi, M.R. and Sefid Dashti, F. (2012). The Effect of Internal Marketing on Organizational Silence: Case Study: Isfahan Tax Organization, Development Management Process, 26 (83): 139-160.

[6] Danaee Fard. H. and PAnahi, B. (2010). Analysis of Occupational Attitudes of Employees working in Public Organizations: The Relationship between Organizational Atmosphere and Organizational Silence, Research on Change Management. 2(3): 1-19.

[7] Danaee Fard, H., Fani, A.A., and Barati, E. (2011). The Role of Organizational Culture in Organizational Silence in Public Sector, Quarterly Journal of Public Management Vision, 8: 61-82.

[8] Gibbs, J. C., Basinger, K. S., & Fuller, R. L. (1992). Moral maturity: Measuring the development of sociomoral reflection. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

[9] Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice: Psychological theory and women's development. Harvard University Press: Cambridge.

[10] Glauser, M. J. (1984). Upward information flow in organizations: Review and conceptual analysis. Human Relations; 37: 613-643.

[11] Grueneich, R. (1982). The development of childrenâ€™s integration rules of making normal judgement; 53.

[12] Hadavi Nejad, M. and Baharlouee, E. (2015). Hypocritical behaviors in interpersonal communication in organizations, Organizational Consequences. 7 (2): 393-412.

[13] Jahangir Zadeh, M. R. (2011). Cognitive Development Views In Moral Development, Moral Knowledge. 2 (4): 101-122.

[14] Kohlberg, L. (1981). Essays in moral development: The philosophy of moral development. Vol. 1. New York: Harper & Row.

[15] Korsgaard, M. A., Meglino, B.M., & Lester, S.W. (1997). Beyond helping: do other-oriented values have broader implications in organizations? Journal of Applied Psychology; 82: 160â€“77.

[16] Kurtines, W. M. & Gewirtz, J. L. (1995). Moral Development: An Introduction. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. 229- 253.

[17] Kurzon, D. (2007). Towards a typology of silence. Journal of Pragmatics; 39(10): 1673-1688.

[18] Lapsley & D. Narvaez (Eds.). Moral development, self, and identity. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: 189- 212.

[19] Likona, T. (1983). Raising good children. Toronto: Bantam Books.

[21] Miser, L. et al., Sharifi. H. (2015). Applied Multivariate Research, Roshd Press: 649.

[22] Morrison E. W. & Milliken FJ. (2000). Organizational silence: A barrier to change and development in a pluralistic world. Academy of Management Review; 25(4): 706-725.

[23] Nasr Isfahani, A. and Agha Pour Dehkordi, T. (2012). The Relationship between Organizational Identity and Organizational Silence of Employees working in Isfahan University, Applied Sociology. 24 (52): 139-162.

[24] Pinder, C. C. & Harlos, K. P. (2001). Employee silence: quiescence and acquiescence as responses to perceived injustice. In Rowland, K. M. and Ferris, G. R. (Eds), Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, Vol. 20. New York: JAI Press, 331â€“69.

[25] Salavati, A., Yar Mohamamdi, Y. and Seyed Hashemi, S.N. (2014). Effective Communication and Organizational Silence in Banking System of Iran (Case Study: Sanandaj, Iran), Journal of Public Management. 6(3): 523-542.

[26] Sha'abani, Z. (2012). Meta-Analysis of Moral Studies between 1986 and 2009. Studies of University Books. 27: 42-81.

[27] Shahzadeh Ahmadi, R. (2012). Organizational Silence, E-Journal of Binesh, Retrieved at http://www.bineshjournal.ir/index.php/component/jdownloads/finish/3--pdf/78--.html

[28] Taghi Lou, S. (2011). Design of Islamic-Iranian Moral behavior Inventory and Assessment of its Features among the Students of Islamic Azad University of Astara, Research project, Islamic Azad University, Astara Branch, Iran.

[29] Walker, L. J. (2006). Gender & Morality. In Killen, M., & Smetana, J.G. (2006). Handbook of Moral Development. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Association, Inc., Publishers.

[30] Zareiee Matin, H., Taheri, F. and Sayyar, A. (2011). Organizational Silence: Principles, Cause, and Effects, Quarterly Journal of Iranian Management Science. 6(21): 77-104.

Forecasting organizational silence according to moral behavior styles

Abstract

References

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