Effects of self-affirmation and positive visualization therapy for anxiety in  3rd-trimester pregnant women during the pandemic

Lailatul Khusnul Rizki; Nur Masruroh; Esty Puji  Rahayu

doi:10.15562/bmj.v12i3.4378

Effects of self-affirmation and positive visualization therapy for anxiety in 3rd-trimester pregnant women during the pandemic

Lailatul Khusnul Rizki ,

Nur Masruroh ,

Esty Puji Rahayu ,

pdf |
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v12i3.4378 |
Published: 2023-09-21

Abstract

Introduction: Adaption is required in responding to changes that can overcome the community's physical and mental health concerns, particularly adaption of pregnant women in preparation for childbirth during COVID-19 to minimize maternal mortality in Indonesia. Pregnancy during a pandemic like this may increase the risk of anxiety disorders in pregnant women. As a result, every individual must have a positive affirmation.

Method: The purpose of this study is to learn more about the impact of self-affirmation and self-positive imagery on anxiety disorders in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. A quasi-experimental design was adopted in this investigation, comprising pre- and post-test groups. There are 52 people in the population. Sampling employs the Probability sampling approach in conjunction with simple random sampling. The intervention was performed four times. The respondent's degree of anxiety was assessed using the perinatal anxiety screening scale (PASS) questionnaire.

Result: According to the findings, the average anxiety level prior to the intervention was 35.59, and the average anxiety level after the session was 18.72. Implementing self-affirmation and positive visualization has a significant (p = 0.000) effect on anxiety.

Conclusion: During the pandemic, self-affirmation and positive imagery should be supplemented by a commitment to increasing positive thinking before to childbirth.

References

WHO,COVID-19 and pregnancy interim guidance.[Internet]. WHO.2020. Available on: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/2021-dha-docs/update-on-who-interim-recommendations-on-c-19-vaccination-for-pregnant-and-lactating-women-70-.pdf.
Poon, L. C. et al. Global interim guidance on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19 ) during pregnancy and puerperium from FIGO and allied partners: Information for healthcare professionals. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2020; 149(3), pp. 273–286. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.13156.
Corbett, G. A. et al. Health anxiety and behavioural changes of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic’, European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 2020: 249, pp. 96–97.doi: 0.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.04.022.
Phoswa, W. N. and Khaliq, O. P. ‘Is pregnancy a risk factor of COVID-19 ?’, European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. Elsevier Ireland Ltd. 2019: pp. 4–8. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.06.058.
Lim, L. M. et al. ‘Special Report and pregnancy’, The American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2020; 222(6), pp. 521– 531.doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.03.021.
Cameron, E. E. et al. Maternal Psychological Distress & Mental Health Service Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020: (May). doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.081. Capobianco,
Berghella, V. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19 ): Pregnancy issues’, UpToDate. 2020: pp. 1–22. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/conte nts/coronavirus-disease-2019- COVID-19 -pregnancy issues/print?search=coronavirus &source=search_result&selectedTitle=3~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=3.
Durankuş and Aksu. COVID-19 in pregnant women: A systematic review and meta- analysis. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.006.
Rahayu, E. P. et al. ‘The Effect of Positive Affirmations to Anxiety Level and 2nd Stage of Labor Length’, STRADA Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan. 2020: 9(2); pp. 900-905. Doi: 10.30994/sjik.v9i2.398
Martins-Filho, P. R. et al. ‘COVID-19 during pregnancy: Potential risk for neurodevelopmental disorders in neonates?’, European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 2020; Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 250, pp. 255–256. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.05.015.
Saputra D. ‘Fenomena Informasi Palsu (Hoax ) Pada Media Sosial di Tengah Pandemi COVID-19 dalam Perspektif Islam’, Mau’idhoh Hasanah: Jurnal Dakwah dan Ilmu Komunikasi. 2020; 2(1):1–10. P-ISSN: 2685-5305, E-ISSN: 2686-3790.
Dunkel Schetter C, et al. ‘Anxiety, Depression and Stress in Pregnancy: Implications for Mothers, Children, Research, and Practice. Current Opinion of Psychiatry. 2012; 25(2):141–8
Giesbrecht GF, et al. ‘The Buffering Effect of Social Support on HypothalamicPituitary-Adrenal Axis Function during Pregnancy. Psychosomatic Medicine’. 2020; 75(9):856–862. DOI: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000004
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Dewi, A., Junaedi, F., Safaria, T., Supriyatiningsih, S., Dewanto, I., & Dewi, D. T. K. (2021). COVID-19 Pandemic: Maternal Anxiety Increases During Pregnancy, Indonesia. Bali Medical Journal, 10(3), 1053–1057. https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v10i3.2851.
Oktafia, R., Indriastuti, N. A., & Kusuma, A. N. (2021). Association between spiritual well-being and anxiety among high-risk pregnant women. Bali Medical Journal, 10(3), 1375–1378. https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v10i3.3055.
Hidayat, A., Emila, O., Dewi, F. S. T., & Sumarni, S. (2021). Spiritual emotional freedom technique (SEFT) improved autonomic nervous activity in primipara. Bali Medical Journal, 10(1), 361–365. https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v10i1.2178.

[1] WHO,COVID-19 and pregnancy interim guidance.[Internet]. WHO.2020. Available on: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/2021-dha-docs/update-on-who-interim-recommendations-on-c-19-vaccination-for-pregnant-and-lactating-women-70-.pdf.

[2] Poon, L. C. et al. Global interim guidance on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19 ) during pregnancy and puerperium from FIGO and allied partners: Information for healthcare professionals. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2020; 149(3), pp. 273–286. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.13156.

[3] Corbett, G. A. et al. Health anxiety and behavioural changes of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic’, European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 2020: 249, pp. 96–97.doi: 0.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.04.022.

[4] Phoswa, W. N. and Khaliq, O. P. ‘Is pregnancy a risk factor of COVID-19 ?’, European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. Elsevier Ireland Ltd. 2019: pp. 4–8. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.06.058.

[5] Lim, L. M. et al. ‘Special Report and pregnancy’, The American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2020; 222(6), pp. 521– 531.doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.03.021.

[6] Cameron, E. E. et al. Maternal Psychological Distress & Mental Health Service Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020: (May). doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.081. Capobianco,

[7] Berghella, V. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19 ): Pregnancy issues’, UpToDate. 2020: pp. 1–22. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/conte nts/coronavirus-disease-2019- COVID-19 -pregnancy issues/print?search=coronavirus &source=search_result&selectedTitle=3~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=3.

[8] Durankuş and Aksu. COVID-19 in pregnant women: A systematic review and meta- analysis. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.006.

[9] Rahayu, E. P. et al. ‘The Effect of Positive Affirmations to Anxiety Level and 2nd Stage of Labor Length’, STRADA Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan. 2020: 9(2); pp. 900-905. Doi: 10.30994/sjik.v9i2.398

[10] Martins-Filho, P. R. et al. ‘COVID-19 during pregnancy: Potential risk for neurodevelopmental disorders in neonates?’, European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 2020; Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 250, pp. 255–256. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.05.015.

[11] Saputra D. ‘Fenomena Informasi Palsu (Hoax ) Pada Media Sosial di Tengah Pandemi COVID-19 dalam Perspektif Islam’, Mau’idhoh Hasanah: Jurnal Dakwah dan Ilmu Komunikasi. 2020; 2(1):1–10. P-ISSN: 2685-5305, E-ISSN: 2686-3790.

[12] Dunkel Schetter C, et al. ‘Anxiety, Depression and Stress in Pregnancy: Implications for Mothers, Children, Research, and Practice. Current Opinion of Psychiatry. 2012; 25(2):141–8

[13] Giesbrecht GF, et al. ‘The Buffering Effect of Social Support on HypothalamicPituitary-Adrenal Axis Function during Pregnancy. Psychosomatic Medicine’. 2020; 75(9):856–862. DOI: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000004

[14] Lebel, C. et al. ‘Elevated depression and anxiety among pregnant individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic’. 2020; (July). doi: 10.31234/osf.io/gdhkt.

[15] Dewi, A., Junaedi, F., Safaria, T., Supriyatiningsih, S., Dewanto, I., & Dewi, D. T. K. (2021). COVID-19 Pandemic: Maternal Anxiety Increases During Pregnancy, Indonesia. Bali Medical Journal, 10(3), 1053–1057. https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v10i3.2851.

[16] Oktafia, R., Indriastuti, N. A., & Kusuma, A. N. (2021). Association between spiritual well-being and anxiety among high-risk pregnant women. Bali Medical Journal, 10(3), 1375–1378. https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v10i3.3055.

[17] Hidayat, A., Emila, O., Dewi, F. S. T., & Sumarni, S. (2021). Spiritual emotional freedom technique (SEFT) improved autonomic nervous activity in primipara. Bali Medical Journal, 10(1), 361–365. https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v10i1.2178.

Effects of self-affirmation and positive visualization therapy for anxiety in 3rd-trimester pregnant women during the pandemic

Abstract

References

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